Modern Europe

1. The Image of a “Filthy” Middle AgesMany people have heard the claim that “medieval Europeans never bathed and covered...

In the early 18th century, nestled in the corner of Europe, the small kingdom of Prussia was ruled by a man consumed by ...

Ivan IV (1530–1584), known as Ivan the Terrible, holds a uniquely dark and pivotal place in Russian history.In 1547, he ...

【The Enigmatic World of Courtesans in Belle Époque Paris】Late 19th-century Paris was a city of glittering contradictions...

Napoleon III, known formally as Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, was the nephew of Napoleon I and reigned as Emperor of the Fre...